安装包appium-uiautomator2-server-debug-androidTest.apk签名失败
问题详情：
[Instrumentation] **java.lang.SecurityException: Permission Denial: starting
instrumentation**
ComponentInfo{io.appium.uiautomator2.server.test/androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner}
from pid=10029, uid=10029 **not allowed because package
io.appium.uiautomator2.server.test does not have a signature matching the
target io.appium.uiautomator2.server**
[Instrumentation] at android.os.Parcel.createException(Parcel.java:1966)
[Instrumentation] at android.os.Parcel.readException(Parcel.java:1934)
[Instrumentation] INSTRUMENTATION_STATUS: Error= **Permission Denial: starting
instrumentation ComponentInfo**
{io.appium.uiautomator2.server.test/androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner}
from pid=10029, uid=10029 not allowed because package
io.appium.uiautomator2.server.test does not have a signature matching the
target io.appium.uiautomator2.server
[Instrumentation] at android.os.Parcel.readException(Parcel.java:1884)
android.app.IActivityManager$Stub$Proxy.startInstrumentation(IActivityManager.java:4365)
[Instrumentation] at
com.android.commands.am.Instrument.run(Instrument.java:484)
[Instrumentation] at com.android.commands.am.Am.runInstrument(Am.java:194)
[Instrumentation] at com.android.commands.am.Am.onRun(Am.java:80)
[Instrumentation] at
com.android.internal.os.BaseCommand.run(BaseCommand.java:54)
[Instrumentation] at com.android.commands.am.Am.main(Am.java:50)
[Instrumentation] at
com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit.nativeFinishInit(Native Method)
[Instrumentation] at
com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit.main(RuntimeInit.java:341)
[Instrumentation] Caused by: android.os.RemoteException: Remote stack trace:
com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerService.startInstrumentation(ActivityManagerService.java:26699)
android.app.IActivityManager$Stub.onTransact$startInstrumentation$(IActivityManager.java:11161)
[Instrumentation] at
android.app.IActivityManager$Stub.onTransact(IActivityManager.java:440)
com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerService.onTransact(ActivityManagerService.java:4140)
[Instrumentation] at android.os.Binder.execTransact(Binder.java:739)
[Instrumentation] **INSTRUMENTATION_STATUS: id=ActivityManagerService**
[Instrumentation] **INSTRUMENTATION_STATUS_CODE: -1**
[Instrumentation] The process has exited with code 1
[UiAutomator2] Error: The instrumentation process cannot be initialized.
**Make sure the application under test does not crash and investigate the
logcat output.**
[UiAutomator2] at Object.wrappedLogger.errorAndThrow (C:\Program
Files\Appium\resources\app\node_modules\appium\node_modules\appium-
support\lib\logging.js:78:13)
[UiAutomator2] at UiAutomator2Server.errorAndThrow [as startSession]
(C:\Program Files\Appium\resources\app\node_modules\appium\node_modules\Appium
解决方案：
使用Android SDK中的 apksigner.bat 工具 对 Appium 的安装包 appium-uiautomator2-server-debug-androidTest.apk 进行手动签名。
第1步：进入安卓 SDK 目录，然后进入子目录\build-tools\29.0.3，按下 Shift 键，在空白处点击鼠标右键，在弹出的菜单那中选择，在此处打开 PowerShell 窗口，如下图所示：
第2步：在弹出窗口中输入： .\apksigner.bat verify --print-certs %localappdata%\Programs\Appium\resources\app\node_modules\appium\node_modules\appium- uiautomator2-server\apks\appium-uiautomator2-server-debug-androidTest.apk
按回车确认，如果能出现图中的 3 个 Signer # 1 的输出，说明签名成功。
其他参考资料：